Uduce duto duto duto dukoresha diyama n'uburyo bwo gukora, ducamo ingufu zitari zimwe (nk'insinga zirwanya ubushyuhe, plasma, umuriro) zikoresha gazi zitari zimwe hejuru y'ibumba, hakoreshejwe intera iri hagati y'ubuso bugonganye bw'ibumba n'imbaraga zitari zimwe zikoresha gazi zitari zimwe Itandukaniro rigira ingaruka zitandukanye zo gushyushya. Iyo diyama itwikiriwe ku buso bw'ibumba, gukura kw'ibikoresho bya diyama biratandukanye, ku buryo diyama ikoresha diyama ifite imiterere idahuye yo gushyushya, ku buryo diyama ikoresha diyama ifite uburyo bwo gushyushya bunini.
Mu guhitamo ibikoresho biri muri diaphragm, iby'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho ni ubukana n'imiterere y'ubukana. Ubukana bugena ingano karemano y'ibikoresho, kandi ingano karemano y'ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwinshi ni nyinshi, kandi ingano karemano y'ibikoresho bifite ubukana buke nayo ni nto. Ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwiza bwo kubukana bishobora gutuma membrane inyeganyega igira igisubizo cyoroshye cyo guhindagura, bigatuma urwego rw'umuvuduko w'urusaku runyeganyega rworoha.
Ubusanzwe ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gutigita birimo impapuro, ibikoresho bya pulasitiki ya polimeri, ibyuma (Be, Ti, Al), keramike, nibindi. Ibikoresho by'impapuro na polimeri bifite imiterere myiza yo kugabanya ubukana, ariko ubukana buke no kwangirika byoroshye, kandi ubukana buke ntibuhagije kugira ngo bikore. Inshuro ntarengwa zo gukora ni nke. Nubwo firime ikoreshwa mu gutigita mu byuma ifite ubukana bwiza, ibyuma bikomeye nka Be, Ti, nibindi birahenze kandi biragoye gutunganya. Ibikoresho bya keramike nabyo bifite ikibazo cyo gukora ibintu bigoye byo gutigita. Bitewe n'imiterere myiza ya mashini n'imbaraga bya diyama, irakwiriye mu gukora diaphragm zoroshye kandi zikomeye, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu ndangururamajwi zo hagati n'izo hejuru. Ijwi ryifuzwa rituruka ku nshuro yo gutigita ya diaphragm. Uko diaphragm igenda yiyongera, niko imbaraga za mashini n'ubuziranenge bya diaphragm birushaho gukomera, no gukoresha ibikoresho bya diyama mu gukora diaphragm bishobora kugera kuri iyi ntego.
Muri rusange, urukiramende ruzunguruka rufite umupaka wo hejuru w'umuvuduko wo gusubiza. Ariko, nubwo urukiramende ruzunguruka rwaba rukozwe muri diyama cyangwa ibindi bikoresho, umuvuduko karemano ugarukira ku rugero runaka bitewe n'imiterere y'ibikoresho byose, ibyo bikaba bigabanya imikorere ya bandwidth yarwo. Imiterere y'ubudahangarwa n'ubudahangarwa ntibishobora guhinduka uko byakabaye, ibyo bikaba bigabanya ubwiza bw'amajwi n'imikorere ya timbre. Kubwibyo, niba ushaka gupfuka urwego rw'umuvuduko rwemewe n'ugutwi kw'umuntu, akenshi ugomba gushyiraho diaphragm nyinshi zifite bandwidth zitandukanye n'umupaka wo hejuru icyarimwe kugira ngo ugere ku ngaruka nziza z'amajwi. Kubwibyo, mu buhanga bwabanje, hari ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye kugira ngo ukore urukiramende ruzunguruka mu bice. Igice cyo hagati cy'urukiramende ruzunguruka gikozwe mu bikoresho bifite ubukana bwinshi, kandi impeta y'inyuma ikozwe mu bikoresho bifite ubukana buke. Hanyuma ibi bice bibiri bihuzwa kugira ngo bikore kimwe. Urukiramende ruzunguruka rufite ubukana n'ubunini bw'ibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye icyarimwe, kandi rushobora gupfuka bandwidth nini. Ariko, ubunini bwa filime izunguruka akenshi buba buto cyane, kandi akazi ko guhuza karagoye. Iyo igomba gushyirwa ku bikoresho bya diyama, ikoranabuhanga ryayo ryo guhuza n'ibikoresho byo guhuza ni ibibazo bikomeye cyane, bityo ntibyoroshye kuyishyira ku bikoresho bya diyama.
Mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, ubu buvumbuzi butanga filime izunguruka ya diyama n'uburyo bwo kuyikora, ishobora guhindura ubukana, ubunini n'imiterere y'uduce dutandukanye kuri filime izunguruka ya diyama, ku buryo igira imiterere idasa kandi ikagira urwego runini rw'imivuduko.
Dukurikije uburyo bwa diyama ihindagurika n'uburyo bwo kuyikora byagaragajwe muri ubu buvumbuzi, hatangwa ibumba rifite ubuso bugoramye, kandi ingufu zitari zimwe (zitari zimwe) zikoresha umwuka utandukanye zinyura hejuru y'ibumba kugira ngo zikore ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gushyushya ibumba ku buryo ubuso bw'ibumba bugaragaza ubushyuhe bungana.
Urugero na
1. Insinga irwanya ubushyuhe ni yo ngingo yo hagati (agace k'ingufu nyinshi), kandi ubwinshi bw'ikintu gitera ingaruka butanga ikwirakwira ry'impeta ritaringaniye.
2. Bitewe n'ingaruka z'uburebure bw'umuraba, ubwinshi bw'umuraba n'imiraba ihagaze kuri plasma iterwa n'ingufu nyinshi, ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikora bikora bigira ishusho y'uruziga hamwe n'ikwirakwizwa ritameze kimwe.
3. Ingufu z'umuriro zirangirika ziturutse mu gace ko hagati, kandi ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikora buratanga ikwirakwizwa ritaringaniye.
Ubushyuhe n'ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomoka ku ngufu zavuzwe haruguru bihita bihinduka inyuma mu buryo bwihuse; bityo, ubuso butandukanye bw'ibihumyo buhura n'uturere dutandukanye tw'ubwinshi bw'ibintu bihuzwa kugira ngo hakure filime za diyama zifite imiterere itandukanye n'ubunini butandukanye, bigatuma ibikoresho bya diyama bitaba bimwe. Imiterere y'ubwinshi (butari bumwe), nk'ubunini cyangwa ubukana bigaragaza ikwirakwizwa ritameze kimwe, hanyuma filime nto ya diyama ikurwa mu gihumyo kugira ngo habeho filime ya diyama ihuzwa. Imiterere y'imiterere y'ibikoresho bya diyama irimo micro-crystal (Micro-crystal), nano-crystal (Nano-crystal) n'ibindi.
Dukurikije filime izunguruka ya diyama yakozwe n'ubu buvumbuzi, ubukana bwayo n'ubugari bwayo ntabwo bingana, kandi ubukana bw'agace ko hagati ni bwinshi, ubukana bw'agace ko hagati ni buto, n'ubunini bw'agace ko hagati ni bunini, n'ubunini bw'agace ko ku nkengero ni buto. Imiterere y'izunguruka rya buri gice igirwaho ingaruka n'ubukana kandi Ingaruka z'ubunini zifite imirongo karemano itandukanye, ku buryo diaphragm ya diyama ishobora kugira umuvuduko munini.
Ibisobanuro by'ibishushanyo
1A-1D ni ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana uburyo bwo gukora icyitegererezo cya mbere cyakunzwe cy’ubu buvumbuzi;
Igishushanyo cya 2A ni ishusho yo hejuru y'ishusho y'uburyo bwa mbere bukundwa;
Igishushanyo cya 2B ni ishusho y'uruhande rw'ishusho y'uburyo bwa mbere bukundwa;
Igishushanyo cya 3 ni ishusho y'inshuro, isesengura ry'ingano ry'ishusho ya mbere yakunze gukoreshwa n'ubuhanzi bwabanje; Kandi
4A-4D ni ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bya mbere byakunzwe cyane muri ubu buvumbuzi.
Muri byo, ibimenyetso by'icyitegererezo:
Ibikoresho 10
12 Icyiciro cya Mbere cyo Gutembagara
Icyiciro cya 14 cy'ibyimbirwa
Insinga 20 zirwanya ubushyuhe
Ubuso bw'ibumba A, B, C, D
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Kamena-2023